Marc Dormey

Posts Tagged ‘c#’

When trying to serialise your model into Json you would notice the ugly way that the Microsoft JavaScriptserializer outputs dates. ie. {“d”:”\/Date(1240718400000)\/”}

This might not be a problem when you are using JQuery or Javascript, but what if your consumer is, say, an IPhone or another device? Wouldn’t you rather stick to a platform independent and recognised format?

The steps below might be a bit too drastic for your implementations, but follow them and you might also learn how to create your own ValueType and CustomJsonSerialiser all in one go!

This is what we want to accomplish. We only needed to give one converter to our CustomConverterJsonResult, but you could make this a list or even a configuration/ioc injection.

 public ActionResult Index(int? id)
 {
      return new CustomConverterJsonResult (new UnixDateTimeConverter(), _repository.GetPerson(id));
 }

Below is our custom ValueType. This allows you to do the following:

UnixDateTime uDateTime = DateTime.Now;
//OR
DateTime dateTime = uDateTime;
//OR > < => and even casting between them

public struct UnixDateTime : IComparable
{
    private static DateTime _baseDateTime = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
    private readonly long _epochSeconds;

    public UnixDateTime(DateTime dateTime)
    {
       _epochSeconds = ConvertToUnixEpochSeconds(dateTime) ?? 0;
    }

    public UnixDateTime(long epochSeconds)
    {
       _epochSeconds = epochSeconds;
    }

    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
       if (!obj.GetType().IsAssignableFrom(typeof(UnixDateTime)))
          return false;
       return ((UnixDateTime)obj)._epochSeconds.Equals(_epochSeconds);
    }

    public bool Equals(UnixDateTime other)
    {
       return other._epochSeconds.Equals(_epochSeconds);
    }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
       return _epochSeconds.GetHashCode();
    }

    public int CompareTo(object obj)
    {
       return _epochSeconds.CompareTo(((UnixDateTime) obj)._epochSeconds);
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
       return _epochSeconds.ToString();
    }

    public static bool operator >(UnixDateTime source, UnixDateTime target)
    {
       return source._epochSeconds > target._epochSeconds;
    }

    public static bool operator <(UnixDateTime source, UnixDateTime target)
    {
       return source._epochSeconds < target._epochSeconds;
    }

    public static bool operator ==(UnixDateTime source, UnixDateTime target)
    {
       return source._epochSeconds == target._epochSeconds;
    }

    public static bool operator !=(UnixDateTime source, UnixDateTime target)
    {
       return source._epochSeconds != target._epochSeconds;
    }

    public static implicit operator UnixDateTime(DateTime dateTime)
    {
       return new UnixDateTime(dateTime);
    }

    public static implicit operator UnixDateTime(long value)
    {
       return new UnixDateTime(value);
    }

    public DateTime? ToDateTime()
    {
       return ConvertFromUnixEpochSeconds(_epochSeconds);
    }

    private static long? ConvertToUnixEpochSeconds(DateTime? date)
    {
       if (!date.HasValue)
          return null;

       return (long)((DateTime)date - _baseDateTime).TotalSeconds;
    }

    private static DateTime? ConvertFromUnixEpochSeconds(long? seconds)
    {
       if (!seconds.HasValue)
          return null;

       return _baseDateTime.AddSeconds(seconds.Value);
    }
}

We then need a CustomConverterJsonResult. The reason for this is to inject the converters needed (no support for this in the normal JsonResult).

public class CustomConverterJsonResult : JsonResult
{
    private readonly JavaScriptConverter _customConverter;

    public CustomConverterJsonResult(JavaScriptConverter customConverter, object data)
    {
       _customConverter = customConverter;
       Data = data;
    }

    public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context)
    {
       if (context == null)
          throw new ArgumentNullException("context");

       HttpResponseBase response = context.HttpContext.Response;

       response.ContentType = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(ContentType) ? ContentType : "application/json";

       if (ContentEncoding != null)
          response.ContentEncoding = ContentEncoding;

       if (Data != null)
       {
          JavaScriptSerializer serializer = CreateJsonSerializer();
          response.Write(serializer.Serialize(Data));
       }
    }

    private JavaScriptSerializer CreateJsonSerializer()
    {
       var serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();
       serializer.RegisterConverters(new []{_customConverter});
       return serializer;
    }
}

And finally… the JavascriptConverter.

   public class UnixDateTimeConverter : JavaScriptConverter
   {
       public override object Deserialize(IDictionary<string, object> dictionary, Type type,    JavaScriptSerializer serializer)
       {
          if(dictionary != null)
          {
             var stringValue = string.Empty + dictionary["UnixEpochSeconds"];
             if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue))
                return null;

             return new UnixDateTime(long.Parse(stringValue));
          }

          return null;
       }

       public override IDictionary<string, object> Serialize(object obj, JavaScriptSerializer serializer)
       {
          var result = new Dictionary<string, object> { { "UnixEpochSeconds", obj.ToString() } };
          return result;
       }

       public override IEnumerable<Type> SupportedTypes
       {
          get { return new ReadOnlyCollection<Type>(new List<Type>(new[] {     typeof(UnixDateTime), typeof(UnixDateTime?) })); }
       }
}

This creates the following output:

{"Person":[{"Name":"John Doe","LastUpdated":[{"UnixEpochSeconds":"187653000"}]]}

As I was developing a CMS system for a client, we had a very unique scenario (well maybe not that unique) where we had custom “parts” which you could add to a page. The “parts” were highly customisable, thus you could have 3 instances of the same “part” on one page. The html and javascript rendered by the part would conflict with each other, because they had the same id’s and registered events.

I needed something similar to the old ASP.NET Script manager and the way that old ASP.NET used the “clientId” instead of the “htmlId” when dealing with html objects. The “clientId” was a generated unique key that prevented duplicated user controls conflicting with one another.

I found quite a few implementations of ScriptManager (http://pietschsoft.com/post/2009/08/13/Simple-ScriptManager-for-ASPNET-MVC.aspx, http://aspmvccombine.codeplex.com/) for MVC, but none of them were solving my unique “htmlId” problem. If you are looking for a ScriptManager for MVC, then the two solutions I provided would be more than enough. If, however, you are in a similar situation as I am with the html controls, please read on…

I decided to combine knowledge obtained from the two ScriptManager implementations, and create my own light-weight solution addressing both problems.
Because I wanted the usage of this to be very simple, I created a fluent interface which I can use in all my parts…

This is what the end result looks like:

<% Html.ScriptManager()
     .CreateClientScript(GetUniqueId())
       .AddParam("SelectId", GetUniqueId("selectList"))
       .AddParam("SourceUrl", Url.Action("Index", "Person"))
       .Ready(() => {%>
            $.getJSON(params.SourceUrl, function(result) {
                $.populate_combobox(result, params.SelectId);
            });
      <%});%>

<% Html.ScriptManager().AddStaticMethod("populate_combobox", () =>{ %>
    jQuery.populate_combobox = function(data, selectId) {
        $.each(data, function() {
            var option = new Option(this.text, this.value);
            var dropdownList = $(selectId)[0];
            if ($.browser.msie) {
                dropdownList.add(option);
            } else {
                dropdownList.add(option, null);
            }
        });
    }
<%});%>

<div id="<%=GetUniqueId() %>_part">
 <select id="<%=GetUniqueId("selectList") %>"></select>
</div>

My “GetUniqueId()” function returns a combination of the PartId, PageId, but you can replace this with anything you fancy.
The javascript that gets generated by this is:

var ContentPart_AboutPage_82 = {
        Init: function(params) {
            $.getJSON(params.SourceUrl, function(result) {
                $.populate_combobox(result, params.SelectId);
            });
        }
}
var ContentPart_AboutPage_83 = {
        Init: function(params) {
            $.getJSON(params.SourceUrl, function(result) {
                $.populate_combobox(result, params.SelectId);
            });
       }
}
var ContentPart_AboutPage_84 = {
        Init: function(params) {
            $.getJSON(params.SourceUrl, function(result) {
                $.populate_combobox(result, params.SelectId);
            });
       }
}
$(document).ready(function() {
    ContentPart_AboutPage_82.Init({
       SelectId:'ContentPart_AboutPage_82_selectList',
       SourceUrl:'/Person'
    });
    ContentPart_AboutPage_83.Init({
       SelectId:'ContentPart_AboutPage_83_selectList',
       SourceUrl:'/Person'
    });
    ContentPart_AboutPage_84.Init({
       SelectId:'ContentPart_AboutPage_84_selectList',
       SourceUrl:'/Person'
    });
});

    jQuery.populate_combobox = function(data, selectId) {
        $.each(data, function() {
        var option = new Option(this.text, this.value);
        var dropdownList = $(selectId)[0];
        if ($.browser.msie) {
            dropdownList.add(option);
        } else {
            dropdownList.add(option, null);
        }
      });
    }

Update: I have gone even further and added the concept of “SharedVariables” to the ScriptManager where the “SourceUrl” above and even the Json request is fired only once!

Here is my ScriptManager Class:

public class ScriptManager
{
    private readonly HtmlHelper _helper;

    public IDictionary<string, ClientScript> ClientScripts
    {
       get
       {
          if (_helper.ViewContext.HttpContext.Items["ClientScripts"] == null)
          _helper.ViewContext.HttpContext.Items["ClientScripts"] = new Dictionary<string, ClientScript>();

          return (IDictionary<string, ClientScript>)_helper.ViewContext.HttpContext.Items["ClientScripts"];
       }
    }

    public IDictionary<string, Action> Methods
    {
      get
      {
         if (_helper.ViewContext.HttpContext.Items["ScriptMethods"] == null)
         _helper.ViewContext.HttpContext.Items["ScriptMethods"] = new Dictionary<string, Action>();

         return (IDictionary<string, Action>) _helper.ViewContext.HttpContext.Items["ScriptMethods"];
      }
    }

   public ScriptManager(HtmlHelper helper)
   {
       _helper = helper;
   }

   public ClientScript CreateClientScript(string key)
   {
      if(!ClientScripts.ContainsKey(key))
       ClientScripts.Add(key, new ClientScript());

      return ClientScripts[key];
   }

   public ScriptManager AddStaticMethod(string key, Action javascript)
   {
     if(!Methods.ContainsKey(key))
       Methods.Add(key, javascript);

     return this;
   }

   public void Render()
   {
     TextWriter writer = _helper.ViewContext.HttpContext.Response.Output;
     writer.WriteLine("<script type=\"text/javascript\">");

     foreach (var clientScript in ClientScripts.Keys)
     {
       writer.WriteLine("var " + clientScript + " = {");
       writer.WriteLine("        Init: function(params) {");
       ClientScripts[clientScript].Value();
       writer.WriteLine("        }");
       writer.WriteLine("}");
     }

     writer.WriteLine("$(document).ready(function() {");
     foreach(var clientScript in ClientScripts.Keys)
     {
       var client = ClientScripts[clientScript];
       writer.WriteLine("    " + clientScript + ".Init({");
       foreach (var param in client.Params)
         writer.WriteLine("       {0}:'{1}'{2}", param.Key, param.Value, IsLast(client.Params, param.Key) ? string.Empty : ",");
         writer.WriteLine("    });");
       }
     writer.WriteLine("});");
     foreach(var method in Methods.Values)
       method();
     writer.WriteLine("</script>");
   }

   private static bool IsLast(IDictionary<string, string> parameters, string key)
   {
     var keys = parameters.Keys.ToList();
     return keys.Count > 0 && keys[keys.Count-1] == key;
   }
}

Here is the ClientScript class:

public class ClientScript
{
   private readonly IDictionary<string, string> _parameters = new Dictionary<string, string>();
   private Action _script;

   public IDictionary<string, string> Params
   {
     get { return _parameters; }
   }

   public ClientScript AddParam(string key, string value)
   {
     Params.Add(key, value);
     return this;
   }

   public ClientScript Ready(Action script)
   {
     _script = script;
     return this;
   }

   public Action Value
   {
     get
     {
       return _script;
     }
   }
}

Here is my extension method:

public static ScriptManager ScriptManager(this HtmlHelper helper)
{
    return new ScriptManager(helper);
}

And then you only need to add this at the end of your master page:

<% Html.ScriptManager().Render(); %>

I am not a big fan of using checkboxes for a simple yes/no question on a form. I use checkboxes only for selecting multiple items to perform an action on, or when I am using a checkboxlist. The reason for this is because I believe a yes/no question has three possible states, not only two.

If you are asking a user “Do you agree with our terms?”, the general consensus is to assume that not clicking the box is “forgetting” to make a selection and warning me that “You have forgotten to tick our terms and conditions”. In this situation the case may be so, but what if I did not agree? What if the question was “Do you want to opt out of us sending you loads and loads of spam?” and simply not spotting this question.

I believe that if you did not make a selection it is a valid state. Thus a yes/no question, in my opinion, has the following states; “yes”, “no” and “did not choose”.
Once again, I don’t simply rant, I also offer a solution… a very simple extension method which I love using for all my yes/no questions instead of checkboxes. In this case I made the “not selected” state 0.

public static string YesNoDropDownList(this HtmlHelper helper, string id, string selectedValue)
        {

            var list = new SelectList(new[]
                              {
                                  new {text = "Select", value = "0"},
                                  new {text = "No", value = "1"},
                                  new {text = "Yes", value = "2"}
                              }, "value", "text", selectedValue);

            return helper.DropDownList(id, list);
        }

PS: It also looks a bit neater and more uniform.

“Kaboom!” is one of those things you stumble upon and intrigues you from the start. It probably needs more work (not to mention documentation), but certainly gives you a peak at what I believe could be the next big thing in the ASP.NET MVC world. Having just finished a CMS system where I used a very rich JQuery client, I found this a very probable next step. Already using “jquery.forms” to submit all my forms via ajax POST and using “$.getJSON” for all my GET actions, my views started to get pretty lean. I thought, what if I had a JQuery ViewModel that would handle my UI commands and handle all my communication with my controller? A quick search lead me to “Kaboom!”.

The first thing I worried about was testability. “QUnit” (http://docs.jquery.com/QUnit) seems to be a very powerful testing framework that would probably give me more coverage than what I had before! UnitTesting – Check

So lets look at one of the samples in the codeplex download, specifically the Asp.Net MVC sample…

We start with a “Person” Model:

public class Person
{
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
}

And a “PersonController” class which has a Search action:

public class PersonsController : Controller
{
    public JsonResult Search(string searchString)
    {
        List persons = new List();
        persons.Add(new Person { FirstName = "Kozin", LastName = "Osot" });
        persons.Add(new Person { FirstName = "Setesyci", LastName = "Rynaugh" });
        persons.Add(new Person { FirstName = "Atheck", LastName = "Garash" });

        return Json(persons
            .Where(p => p.FirstName.ToLower().Contains(searchString.ToLower()) ||
                p.LastName.ToLower().Contains(searchString.ToLower())).ToList());
    }
}

Then we create a “SearchViewModel” js file and put this in our “ViewModels” folder like so:

var SearchViewModel = {
    Initialize: function(args, callback) {
        Kaboom.register("Search", SearchViewModel.Search);
        SearchViewModel.SearchResults = new Array();
        callback();
    },

    Ready: function() {
        SearchViewModel.Search();
    },

    SearchString: '',
    SearchResults: null,
    Search: function() {
        $.getJSON('/Person/Search',// You can set this as a hidden field on your View with 'Url.Action(..' and simply do $('#searchSource').val()
            { searchString: SearchViewModel.SearchString },
            SearchViewModel.PopulateSearchResults);
    },

    PopulateSearchResults: function(data) {
        SearchViewModel.SearchResults = data;
        Kaboom.notify(SearchViewModel, "SearchResults");
    }
}

And our “Search” view would hook up to our view model like so…

<head runat="server">
    <title>Search</title>
    <% string version = DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString(); %>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../../ViewModels/Persons/SearchViewModel.js?id=<%= version %>"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.3.2.js?id=<%= DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString() %>"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/json2.js?id=<%= DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString() %>"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/kaboom.js?id=<%= DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString() %>"></script>

</head>
<body>
    Quick start shows how to communicate with an aspMVC controller.....<br />
    <input type="hidden" id="viewmodel" viewmodel="SearchViewModel" debug="0" />
    <div id="Debug"></div>
    Search:<br />
    <input type="text" bindto="SearchString" mode="TwoWay" /><br />
    <input type="button" value="Search" command="Search" />
    <br />
    <table bindto="SearchResults">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>First Name</th>
                <th>Last Name</th>
                <th>Options</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td>$FirstName</td>
                <td>$LastName</td>
                <td><a href="#" onclick="alert('$FirstName')">Delete</a></td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>
</body>

You can bind all your view actions to commands.

<input type="button" command="Save" value="Bound to Save command via jQuery(element).click()" /><br /><br />
<input type="button" command="Save" trigger="dblclick" value="Bound to Save command via jQuery(element).dblclick()" /><br /><br />
<input type="button" command="Save" trigger="blur" value="Bound to Save command via jQuery(element).blur()" /><br /><br />
<input type="button" command="Save" trigger="customaction" value="Bound to Save command via jQuery(element).customaction()" /><br /><br />

… and it has support for other controls and more complex bindings.

<select bindto="Person.Salutation"
         datatextfield="Name"
         datavaluefield="Id"
         datasourceid="Salutations"
         onbind="ProgrammaticallyBindIt" >
   <option value="0">[select]</option>
</select>

There are loads of other examples, including binding to Tables, Divs, Spans, Checkboxes etc. You can download the framework here.